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Friday, June 7, 2013

Measuring outcomes in urogynecological surgery: "perspective is everything". Parker-Autry CY, Barber MD, Kenton K, Richter HE. Int Urogynecol J (2013) 24:15-25.


Beth Shelly, PT, DPT, WCS, BCB PMD
6/5/13 Pelvic PT Distance Journal Club

This article is important to read cover to cover.  It does a great job at summarizing the history of outcomes and how you can change outcome results by using a different outcome measure.  Outcomes are very important and we must be able to choose the correct one for the job.

Definitions - taken from many sources  - Outcomes should be reliable and valid
·         Reliability - (Interclass correlation ICC) the extent to which a measurement is consistent and free from error - statically calculated
o   Inter-rater reliability - assesses the degree to which test scores are consistent when measurements are taken by different people using the same methods.
o   Test-retest reliability / intra-rater reliability - assesses the degree to which test scores are consistent when measurements are gathered from a single rater who uses the same methods or instruments and the same testing conditions.
·         Validity - ability of a measure to detect or measure what is indented. Validity is measured in a specific patient population.  Measure should be performed according to how it was validated (patient fills out versus therapist asks the questions)
·         Reproducibility - appears to be the same as reliability.  There is no way to statistically calculate reproducibility. 
·         Responsiveness - ability to detect change
·         Minimally clinically important difference - the smallest change in a measure that a patient or clinician would care about

Objective outcome - things that you can measure
·         Manual examination of PFM (including MMT)
·         Biofeedback - assessment, EMG, pressure, ultra sound
·         Pad test
·         POPQ

Subjective outcomes - patient reports
·         Bladder dairy
·         Symptom  questionnaires - PFDI
·         QOL questionnaires - PFIQ
·         Global impression of improvement  
o   Circle the one best number which describes how your bladder / bowel / pelvic condition is now compared to how it was before you began treatment
o   1. very much better
o   2. much better
o   3. a little better
o   4. no change
o   5. a little worse
o   6. much worse
o   7. very much worse
·         Patients appear to recognize first signs of meaningful improvements at 50% better and significant improvement at 75% improvement (according to research)
·         Bother VAS score 0 to 10 MCID 1 to 2

Calculation percentage score
·         value / total possible score
·         28/70 = 40%
·         PFDI and PFIQ both have a possible score total of 300

Calculation percent change
·         ending value - initial value / initial value
·         33.3 - 89 / 89 = 62.5% change

Typical female PFM dysfunction - PFDI and PFIQ are valid, reliable and responsive.  Have been tested in many patient populations and cover most of the typical female PFM dysfunctions seen in the average PT practice.  I also add the ICIQ-SF and ask the patient global impression of change question at re-evaluation and discharge.
·         ICIQ SF MCID = 2 to 2.5

·         Pelvic floor distress inventory (PFDI)
o   CRADI - bowel dysfunction - MCID 11
o   UDI - urinary dysfunction - MCID 11
o   POPDI - POP dysfunction

·         Pelvic floor impact questionnaire (PFIQ)
o   UIQ - urinary QOL MCID 16
o   CRAIQ - bowel QOL
o   POPIQ - POP QOL

 Male patients
·         Leaking - International prostate symptoms score (IPSS)
·         Pain -  NIH Chronic prostatitis symptom index  (NIH CPPS male)

Patients with pelvic pain - I would still encourage use of the PFDI and PFIQ with the addition of
·         Documentation of function - Oswestry (MCID 10), Pelvic pain and disability index
·         Paindetect - screening for centralized pain
·         Sexual function scales as needed - FSFI is most common, VQ can also be used

Most of the questionnaires listed here are available at SOWH CAPP pelvic common forms - http://www.womenshealthapta.org/credentialing/cappprep.cfm

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