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Sunday, October 12, 2014

Nonsurgical Management of Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Clinical Practice Guideline from the American College of Physicians. Qaseem A, Dallad P, Forciea MA, Starkey M, et al. Ann Intern Med. 2014;161:429-440

Michelle Spicka, DPT
October 8th, 2014  
Pelvic Physical Therapy Distance Journal Club

Description: This guideline from the American College of Physicians (ACP) presents the available evidence on the nonsurgical (pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic) treatment of UI in women in the primary care setting.   

Nonpharmacologic Treatments for UI
1)      PFMT
a.       Instruction on the voluntary contraction of pelvic floor muscles

2)      PFMT with biofeedback using vaginal EMG
a.       PFMT with vaginal probe

3)      Bladder training
a.       Behavioral therapy that includes extending the time between voiding

4)      Continence service        
a.       Treatment program involving nurses and clinicians trained in identifying, diagnosing and appropriately treatment patients with UI
 

Methods: This guideline is based on a systemic evidence review that addressed 13 questions related to the diagnosis and nonsurgical management of UI.  The literature search included English-language studies published between 1990-2013.  This guideline focuses on treatments most relevant to primary care clinicians.
Diagnosis: Because most women with UI do not report it to their physicians, physicians should proactively ask female patients about bothersome UI symptoms as part of a routine review of systems. 
Treatment: Complete continence (defined as reducing UI by greater than or equal to 50%) and QOL were the primary outcomes assessed in the systematic review to evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic treatments:

1)      Stress UI: Nonpharmacologic treatment
a.       PFMT vs No Active Treatment
                                                               i.     PFMT is an effective UI treatment compared with no active treatment.
b.      PFMT with Biofeedback using a vaginal prove vs No Active Treatment
                                                               i.      Improved UI with this treatment vs no active treatment

2)      Urgency UI: Nonpharmacologic treatment
a.       Bladder training vs No active treatment
                                                               i.      Insufficient evidence for assessment
 
3)      Mixed UI: Nonpharmacologic Treatment
a.       PFMT vs No active treatment
                                                               i.      Increased continence rates with PFMT compared with no active treatment
b.      PFMT plus bladder training vs No Active Treatment
                                                               i.      Continence achieved with PFMT and bladder training compared with no active treatment
c.       Continence Services vs No active treatment
                                                               i.      No statistically significant improvement
d.      Weight Loss and Physical Activity vs No Active Treatment
                                                               i.      Weight loss and exercise improved UI in obese women
4)      Stress UI: Pharmacologic Treatment
5)      Urgency UI: Pharmacologic Treatment with Antimuscarinics
6)      Urgency UI: Pharmacologic Treatment with B3-Andrenoceptor Agonists
7)      Urgency UI: Other Pharmacologic Treatment
8)      Urgency UI: Comparative Effectiveness of Pharmacologic Treatments
9)      Comparative Effectiveness of Pharmacologic Versus Nonpharmacologic Treamtents
10)   Role of Patient Characteristics  on Outcomes of Pharmacologic Treatments
a.       Age
b.      Race
c.       Baseline Frequency of UI
d.      Prior Treatment Response
e.      Concomitant Treatments
f.        Obesity
11)   Adverse Effects
a.       Nonpharmacologic Treatments
b.      Pharmacologic Treatments
Recommendations:
1)      ACP recommends first-line treatment with PFMT in women with stress UI
2)      ACP recommends bladder training in women with urgency UI
3)      ACP recommends PFMT with bladder training in women with mixed UI
4)      ACP recommends against treatment with systemic pharmacologic therapy for stress UI
5)      ACP recommends pharmacologic treatment in women with urgency UI if bladder training was unsuccessful
6)      ACP recommends weight loss and exercise for obese women with UI

Discussion:
1)      “Clinical research always is going to lag behind clinic practice. You have to think of it first.  Then you try something based on the best available research, what your clinical judgment is telling you, what’s going on in the patient’s world and what’s important to him/her.  You put all of that together to come up with the best solution.  You want PTs to use the existing evidence as a springboard to further innovation.”  Mary Massery (PTinMotion May 2014)

2)      Incorporating technology into treatment:
a.       Apps
                                                               i.      Kegel Kat
                                                             ii.      Bladder tracHer apps (multiple available)
                                                            iii.      Myfitnesspal
b.      Online resources:
                                                               i.      http://pelvicguru.com/
                                                             ii.      http://www.pelvicpainrehab.com/
                                                            iii.      http://www.sherpelvic.com/index.html
                                                           iv.      http://www.juliewiebept.com/
                                                             v.      http://www.pelvicpain.org/

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